Dishwashing machine



March 22, 1960 G. M. GIBSON DISHWASHING MACHINE 16 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 20, 1956 IN VEN TOR.

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DISK-{WASHING MACHINE Filed March 20, 1956 16 Sheets-Sheet 3 EN TOR.

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DISHWASHING MACHINE l6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed March 20, 1956 INVENTOR.

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DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed March 20, 1956 16 Sheets-Sheet 11 IN V EN TOR.

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DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed March 20, 1956 16 Sheets-Sheet 14 INV ENTOR.

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DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed March 20, 1956 16 Sheets-Sheet 15 J l r4 l 1 IN V EN TOR.

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March 22, 1960 G. M. GIBSON 2,929,565

DISK-[WASHING MACHINE Filed March 20, 1956 16 Sheets-Sheet 16 DESHWASHENG MACHENE George M. Gibson, Beilevue, Iowa Appiieation March 29, 1956, Serial No. 572,733)

13 Claims. (Cl. 239-221?) T his invention relates to improvements in a dishwashing machine of the character primarily adapted for domestic use. The principles evolved shall, however, be cable to any kind of dishwashing equipment or to analogous devices.

Some of the most important considerations in a mechanical device adapted for washing dishes relate to the distribution and handling of the washing fluid, the rack construction for the placing of the dishes and the grouping, placement and individual characteristics of the cabinet to accommodate the dish racks and the various functions of the machine, the fiuid actuating means, the fluid level and drain control means and the arrangement and disposition of the power and power transmission mechanisms.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a new and novel fluid actuation and distribution mechanism or means to wash dishes with a high degree of efficiency under comparably short time cycles of operation.

Another object is to provide a cabinet and dish rack combination to provide a compact high capacity washing service in a relatively small total cubical volume machine.

Another object is to provide a cabinet door structure using a unique sealing and venting arrangement.

Another object is to provide a dishwashing machine using a novel fluid level control and drain mechanism.

A still further object is to provide a dual discharge and fluid distribution impeller coacting with a reservoir having a predetermined configuration and bafile construction to thereby simultaneously serve two separated article washing zones.

Still another object of the invention is to incorporate fluid driven means that will automatically cause mechanicaliy operated means to vary fluid distribution and impact direction under predetermined fluid washing patterns directed toward and against the articles in the dishwashing machine.

And a still further object is to provide a method of operation for washing dishes wherein an initial relatively cold fluid is introduced and finely actuated toward the e racks to initially form a fluid mist directed for deposition upon the articles in the washing cabinet, this action being followed by larger but variable volume fluid impact under rapidly increasing fluid temperature conditions. With this action of cool prewetting of dishes and cutlery, coagulation and setting of foods such as eggs, cool-red cereals, etc., are considerably counteracted and reduced. This paves the way for completely eflicient food removal through washing of the articles in the cabinet that are impact cleaned by variable volume fluid actuation following the misting cycle in a continuous process.

Gther objects and advantages relating to the dishwashing machine of the present invention shall hereinafter appear in the following detailed description having reference to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of the dishwashing 2,929,5ii5 Fat-exited Mar. 22, 1960 "are machine embodying the new and. novel features of the present. invention;

Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the Washing cycle control mechanism embodied in the dishwashing machine in Fig. 1 to carry out the functions thereof according to predetermined operational sequences at selected time intervals;

'Fig. 3 is a plan view on an enlarged scale of the lower operating mechanism compartment of the dishwashing machine as it appears when separated from the cabinet compartment and substantially as viewed along the line 3-3 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical transverse cross sectional view of the lower fragmentary portion of the dishwashing machine and as it appears when viewed substantially along the plane of the line 44 in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is another front elevational view of the machine partially shown in section and without the cabinet door, all as substantially viewed along the line 5--5 in Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a vertical cross sectional view on an enlarged scale of the device of this invention as it appears along the plane of the line 66 illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a plan sectional view of the forward part of the cabinet taken along the plane of the line 7-7 in Fig. 6, omitting the lower dish carrying rack to better illustrate the cabinet construction;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged vertical cross sectional view of the front end and door portion of the dishwashing cabinet taken substantially along the plane of the line 8-8 in Fig. l to better illustrate detailed improvements in the construction;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical cross sectional view taken through one side wall of the cabinet and substantially as viewed along the plane of the line 9--9 in Fig. 7;

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the cutlery or silverware basket used in the present machine construction;

Fig. 11 is an end elevational view of the cutlery basket in Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged fragmentary plan View of the front end of the upper dish rack of the present machine;

Fkig. 13 is a front elevational View of the upper dish rac Fig. 14 is an enlarged front elevational view of the lower dish rack that provides a complementary construction for the upper dish rack;

Fig. 15 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of one end of the open center washing water impeller that provides the water actuation means to carry out the dual functions of both washing and drying the dishes in the machine;

Fig. 16 comprises a diagrammatic layout of the predetermined timed washing cycle of operation of the present device, which under parallel consideration with Fig. 2 provides a complete illustrative showing of the manner and sequence of operation in carrying out'the method of washing dishes according to the principles herein set forth; a

Fig. 17 is another plan'view of the lower chamber portion of a modified arrangement of the dishwashing machine directed to a variation in the washing water distribution system;

Fig. 18 is a vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale of the machine shown in Fig. 17 and as the same generally appears when viewed along the lines 18-43 in Fig. 17;

Fig. 19 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of a modified anangement of an impeller having water driven washing water deflecting wall means associated therewith;

Fig. 20 is an end view of the arrangement shown in Fig. 19 with certain parts shown in section and as seen along the plane of the line 20-2i) in Fig.19;

Fig. 21 is an end elevational view with parts in section illustrating another modified'const ruction of impeller with a swingably and movable water deflecting wall combination functioning to causesweep dischargeofimpeller actuated washing water;

Fig. 22 illustrates a further modified impeller and movable wall deflecting mechanismas viewed from one end thereof with certain parts shown in section;

Fig. 23 is a fragmentary plan view of the'mechanism shown in Fig. 22;

Fig. 24 is a detailed transverse vertical cross sectional view of the lower end part of the Fig. 23 construction to further illustrate the arrangementand operation thereof, this view being taken through the cabinet pan immediately in front of and to the right of the mechanism and this assembly comprises the dishwashing machine '1 divided into an upper dish receiving cabinet 2 supported in contiguous relation over a base 3 providing a lower housing or compartment 4 which encloses the operational mechanisms of the machine 1. The cabinet 2 houses the movable dish racks and is provided with a front charging opening 5 closed by a door 6 hinged at 7, the door including a hand grip plate 8 and a centrally arranged vent opening 9; The base 3 carries a front panel 10 having the timer dial 11 and windows 12 forming'openings through the panel 10 covered by suitable transparent colored plastic material fronting a pilot light 12 (Fig. 2) carried in the base 3 and comprising a part of the machine operating circuit.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, the base 3 herein illustrated hasan angle iron framework 13 as the main supporting structure for all the base units and the dish cabinet 2. A composite drain pan-reservoir unit 14 is carried upon the top of the framework 13 and forms a divider or diaphragm separating the Washing zone from the operating mechanisms housed within the base 3, with the exception of the impeller 15 which is also disposed in the washing zone and above the diaphragm structure.

a The drain pan-reservoir unit 14 comprises a reservoir 16 with a lateral sump 17, sump drain channel 18, silver- Ware or cutlery basket trough 19, all surrounded by the raised drain ledges 20 terminating in an upstand peripheralflange 21 to accommodate and receive the cabinet 2 per se.

Washing water and rinse water is supplied through a hose 22 to a solenoid valve 23 connected through a hose 24 to a diaphragm supported discharge elbow 25 shaped and constructed to deliver cold inlet water toward a given longitudinal point 26 upon the normally revolving impeller 15. With this arrangement and water filling cycle, a fine mist and spray is initially formed to prewet the dishes in cabinet 2. This counteracts setting of foods on' the dishes and cutlery to thus enhance the washing operation, the actuated mist and spray becoming heavier and more complete as more return water enters the reservoir 16 by draining ofi of the ledges 20. When the machine is started by closing the cabinet door 5, a heating unit 27 is energized and the inlet filling water begins to gradually heat after the initial cold water prewetting and filling cycle has been completed. This heating element 27 brings the'water up to washing'heat 'and'holds it at that temperature, the same element subsequently 4 a providing means to heat the cabinet air for drying th dishes. 7

A relatively small quantity of washing fluid is used to operate the machine of the present character and design. The maximum fill level may be controlled to bring the normal static level of the water to one gallon capacity that is about coincident with the level line 23 in Fig. 4, or up totwo gallon capacity establishing an other level 29 as there also indicated. In either case the levels provide considerable impeller exposure to the cabinet washing area or zone and a variable and changeable water actuating discharge results on the basis of a starved reservoir or sump principle being directly responsive to the drain water return variations both in amounts and locations. The speed of the impeller is also a factor in the eflicient operation of the machine. With water lever 28 used, the impeller is normally rotated at approximately 1700 r.p.m., this level actually representing a 1 gallon water supply. A selected level 29 which represents a 2 gallon water supply, an impeller speed of 1350 r.p.m. is desirable. In either event, the starved sump or reservoir principle prevails to enhance the method of water impact against the articles being washed in variable degrees of quantity under variable inertia forces plus the unpredicted but complete distribution of the impelled water striking the dishes and cutlery or any articles being washed by the method herein developed. I

The water level is established through thedrain structure and associated mechanism. A drain fitting 30 connects with the sump drain channel 18 as best seen in Figs. 3 and 4, and a drain hose 31 connects with the fitting 30. Hose 31 includes two horizontally arranged runs'32 and 33 contiguous with an intermediate loop 34, and the hose is then carriedas ,at 35 under the basket trough 19 for exit through one of several openings 36 that are provided in the base apron structure through which the hose is led to a discharge point.

The level of the hose loop 34 determines the static water level in the reservoir changing the elevation of the loop 34 from a raised-position as shown at 37 in dotted lines in Fig. 4 to a lowered position as shown in full lines at 38 the water is then drained out of the drain pan-reservoir 14 for the various rinsing and drying cycles that follow in the sequence of operation of the machine.

A hose, loop raising mechanism 39 is employed to control the level of the loop. This comprises an arm 40 pivoted at 41 and having a fork 42 to straddle the hose loop 34. A tension spring 43 is connected at '44 with arm 40 and is hooked through an opening 45 in a bracket 46 that is supportedjrpon across angle member of the frame 13. A solenoid 47 is also suitably carried upon bracket 46 and the movable pole piece 48 is pivotally connected at 49 with a tailpiece 50 forming a continuation of arm 40 beyond pivot 41 and oppositely related to the arm. 7

With this construction, the hose loop 34 is normally held in;a given raised elevation in respect to the reservoir 16 and sump 17 by the forked arm 40 and spring 43. This position may be determined by employing suitable stop means for the arm as by means of the end of'the tailpiece 50 striking against the bracket base 51, or through the limit of motion established by the maximum outward travel of the solenoid pole piece es. Subsequent energization of the solenoid will lower the loop 34 into ahorizontal drain position against the tensional pull of the spring 43 and for the interval that current is supplied to'the solenoid. v

The power to drive the impeller is supplied by a motor 52 located beneath the upsweep' portion 530i the reservoir 16and generally in a fore and 'aft line with the hose manipulating mechanism 39 and the timer 5 5 mounted upon the front panel 10 of the machine base 'i3ifBrackets 55 and .56 connect with opposite ends of tion at 57 with a base bracket 53 with a looting bolt 59 acting as a means to hold the motor in a given adjusted relation laterally of the machine for belt tightening purposes. The drive from the motor 52 is transmitted through the pulley 60 on motor shaft 61 to the belt 62 that connects with pulley 63 secured to the impeller shaft 64 as best shown in Fig. 3.

The impeller is a squirrel cage unit constructed as a peripheral vane type having an open center structure and with the vanes sweeping through the depressed reservoir and adjacent the wall thereof. As best illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, and 15, the impeller comprises spaced spiders 65 and 56 carried upon shaft 64, with a plurality of longitudinally placed channel vanes 67 secured to the exteriors of the spiders and running parallel 15 to each other and the impeller shaft for substantially the full length of the reservoir. Whatever space prevails between the ends of the vanes and the end walls of the reservoir will provide clearance for water flow around the end portions of the impeller and into the reservoir and sump. Each vane channel is of identical sheet metal construction to provide a double radial vane 68 and 69 having inturned ends 70 and 71 with the vanes joined by the web 72.. Thus the impeller vane construction produces longitudinally positioned web closures such as 72 flanked by the impeller peripheral spaces 73 between vanes.

This produces a compound water propulsion action produced by bodily carryover oi reservoir water trapped within the vane channels along the reservoir wall with a greater tangential actuation when the vanes are free of the reservoir confines or walls thereof and at the same time excess water in the open center of the impeller and between the vanes is not only subjected to tangential discharge but also to centrifugal throw in a more radial direction between vanes as the particularly discussed portions of the impeller clear the reservoir and reservoir walls. This action compounded by the irregu' lar return flow of expended water in different quantities and at different points produces a very effective washing 4O operation with a minimum of required washing fluid and with a continuous and steady rotation of the impeller.

Suitable bearings 7 and 75 supported upon the fore and aft walls 76 and 77 of the reservoir 16 carry the impeller structure by means of the impeller shaft 64. Bearings 74 and 75 are provided with gaskets to seal the reservoir walls to counteract water leakage at the bearings.

The reservoir includes an added feature in the use of a prearranged bafile wall 78 partially encircling the impeller area at 79 and terminating in an upstanding water deflecting edge section 8%. This edge is provided with deformations in the form of vertically arranged fluted portions 81 that fan out upwardly to establish a channeled distribution means in conjunction with the impeller actuation of the dishwashing fluid. This Wall and its sectional portions 79 and Si are held in fixed relation by suitable supporting means fastening the bailie to the fore and aft walls '75 and 77 of the reservoir 16.

It should also be noted that the lower terminal edge 5 82 of the baffle terminates in spaced relation to the reservoir bottom 83 to create a fluid bypass slot 83 facing the sump 1'7 and cutlery basket trough 19.

As the impeller is rotated in counterclockwise motion, as viewed in Fig. 4, variable portions and quantities or" @5 water are actuated through slot 84 into the sump 17 and against or through the basket'and into the well 19. The cutlery or silverware basket 85 shown in Figs. 4, l0 11 is releasably nested or seated in the basket trough 19 as in Fig. 4. When charged with articles to 79 be washed, the Washing action is induced by the impeller water being directed through the bypass arrangement comprising slot 84.

The basket as best shown in Figs. l0 and 11 comprises a Wire mesh body as crowned and outlined by a stifi 7 [a ridge wire 87 with two lifting handles or bails 88 and 89 each provided with outwardly formed pivotal ends 90 and 91 that are pivotally carried or supported in the opposite sides of the wire mesh body 86. The handles each include the cross bar hand grip 92 and the side legs 93 of the handles or bails are disposed in offset planes to clear the basket side walls and to permit the pivotal ends 90 and 91 to occupy the positions shown. The handgrips 9292 are so arranged as to rest upon the basket ends, as shown in Fig. 10 and each bail is proportioned to permit the grips 9292 to abut and to meet centrally above the basket for convenience in handling and carrying the basket. As seen in Fig. 11, the basket is polygonal in configuration to fit the basket trough or well 19. The basket sides 94 and 95 fit between baflie 78 and wall 96 of the well or trough and the sloping bottom 97 rests upon the inclined wall 98 of the trough 19.

With the wire mesh basket 85 carried in the base portion of the machine over and adjacent the sump 17, the wire mesh functions as a strainer during the washing cycle. Portions of food or other'foreign particles are strained out by the adjacent basket wall )4 and settle or fall down into the sump area and more specifically into the drain channel 18 to be subsequently carried out through hose 31 during a drain cycle interval of operation of the machine brought about by energizing the solenoid 47.

Referring now to Figs. 5 to 8, the cabinet 2 is a four walled structure having a top 99, sides 100 and 161 with a back 162 contiguous with the walls and top. This cabinet as a unit is set down upon the base 3 fitting into the area outlined by the upstanding edge or flange 21 of the drain pan-reservoir 14 and with the cabinet seated upon the drain ledges 20 that are disposed in horizontal coplanar relation. Thus it is understood how the drainpan-reservoir 14 provides the division'diaphragm between the cabinet 2 and base 3,'or considered otherwise, between the washing zone and the storage zone of the operating mechanisms and power means. rough the configuration of the diaphragm, the reservoir, sump and basket well or trough are all carried in the same base area or space as the power unit, timer, hose lifter, etc, all arranged in laterally disposed positions within the base as previously set forth. The impeller is likewise substantially confined within the same base area with only a small peripheral portion of the impeller traversing the cabinet zone. For protection, a suitably positioned bowed center wire screen 163 is used over the exposed portion of the impeller, this screen resting in the open mouth area of the reservoir and upon the ledge portions 2?: flanking the ends of the reservoir and impeller.

The cabinet 2 presents the front loading opening .5 accessible through door 6 and the cabinet is open at its bottom to receive the actuated washing Water from the impeller 15. The front end of the cabinet 2 and the door 6 provide sealing means and steam venting means of the construction best shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. The front end of the cabinet is provided with an inturned flange 104 reenforced with a reentrant lip 195, the flange acting as a cabinet facing on three Walls thereof to receive the door 6. Across the bottom and front of the cabinet, a door hinge plate or strip portion 106 is provided as a part of the drain pan-reservoir 114 to carry the door in a manner to be explained.

112 on door panel 110 receives and grasps the angle rim 113 of flange 111. Flange'lll further provides an inwardly disposed rim wall or rack track ledge 114 having va reenforcing reentrant lip 115 that is positioned in a to prevent any impelled water from. finding its way out oithesurfacearea bounded bythe abutting inturned edge 112 of the door andthe adjacentface' ofthe cabinet flan'ge104. r

The entire door 6 is carried upon the water seal hinge 116 that extends the width of the cabinet as best shown in Fig. 7. The hinge 116 comprises the two interlocking semicylindrical beads 117 and 118 onthe door 6 and strip 106, respectively. Bead 117 is formed as a part of the door panel 110 reaching into the cabinet opening and depending from the door edge to encircle bead 118. The latter bead is supported upon the front vertical leg 119 of the hinge plate or strip 106 as a part of the upstanding edge 21 on the diaphragm, with the top edge 120 of the panel flanking leg 119 and stopping short of the top thereof for clearance to permit the bead 117 todescribe its full arc of operation in bringing the door down into horizontal full open positionas illustrated in broken lines in Fig. 8.

The component parts of the hinge 116 are held in assembled operative relation by the locking straps 121 and 122 supported from the track structures as best shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Each strap bears a configuration terminating in a cylindrically formed tip 123 bearing downwardly and outwardly upon the coacting hinge beads 117 and 118. By adjusting the amount of pressure or frictional contact of the straps upon the hinge, it is possible to obtain a predetermined loos'eness or tightness in the snaps roller under and behind edge 129 on flange 104.

Door 6 is further constructed to establish a steam water vapor vent structure as best illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7. A rectangular central boss 130 is formed in the door panel 110 to provide an outwardly positioned vent wall 131 having a large circular opening 132 therein. 7 Opening 132 is outlined by an annular rim or flange 133 positioned inwardly with respect to the cabinet and terminating' with a radially'outwardly formed reentrant lip 134. A circular panel or baifle plate 135 is carried in spaced relation to the boss vent wall 131 by securing bolt or rivet means 136 (see Fig. 1). This bafiie comprises a central wall 137 surrounded by an annular recess or channel 138 that further carries a peripheral rim projection 139 positioned in coplanar relation to the wall 137 of the battle.

It should be observed that the rim or flange 133 on the cover carries around within the channel 138 and inwardly of the latter and that the lip 134 is also positioned within the recessed part of the annular channel 138 thereby providing a tortuous venting space 140 between panel wall 131 andbaflie 135. This permits adequate venting of the cabinet during the washing cycle but particularly during the drying cycle; while water and spray is prevented from escaping through the tortuous space 149.

In its operation about hinge 116, the door 6 also carries a pair of door stop arms 141 and 142 each including an angularly connected tailpiece 143 and 144. These arms are preferably secured to the flange 111 of the door and at the side wall portions thereof as best shown in Fig. 7. When the door is swung open and out to its full horizontal position as shown in broken lines in Fig. 8, the tailpieces 143 and 144 hook behind the side wall runs of the inner cabinet flange 107 holding the door in braced position while in horizontal cantilever location with respect to the cabinet. 7

It is also the function of one of the stop arms, 141 in this instance, to engage a plunger 145 of a micro switch 146 with the tailpiece 144 to close the circuit leading to the motor and other operating mechanisms of the machine when the door. is closed as illustrated in Figs. 2, 4 and 6. Thus, by closing the-door 6, the machine circuit can be. energized for subjecting the associated operating devices of the dishwashing machine to their respective cycles of operation and as otherwise controlled by the timer dial 11 for off and on positions. "With the circuit controlling door operated switch, it is impossible to start the machine unless the charging door 6 is closed. 7

Referring now more specifically to Figs. 5, 6, 9 and 12 to 14, the cabinet 2 is provided with an internal arrangement that movably supports an upper dish rack 147 and a lower dish rack 143. The upper rack is constructed from a plurality of vertically arranged parallel wires 149 secured to a pair of surrounding perimeter band wires 150 and wires 149 are centrally stabilized by means of the appropriately bent rod 151 secured to the band wires 150 and carrying the individual wires 149 at an intermediate point 152 as best seen in Figs. 12 and 13.

As seen in Figs. 5 and 13,- the wires 149 are deformed to'include'upwardly directed apices 153 carried up on legs 154 and 155 of the rack portion to the left of the rod 151 and with longer dependingflegs 156 and 157 carrying the upwardly directed apices 158 at the portion of the rack disposed to the right of the rod 151. 7 With the arrangement of the wires 149 of rack 147 as explained above, downsloping side areas are provided to support cups 159 or bowls 160 in the manner shown to the left in Fig. 5 and to also support glasses 161 and cups or bowls 162 as shown to the right in Fig. 5. The configurations of the tray or rack wires 149 also created sufficient overhead clearance room .to avoid contact with dishes and articles being carried upon the lower rack or tray 148.

Both racks are track supported and movable intoand out of the cabinet door opening and may or may not be bodily removed from the cabinet if desired. Rack 147 is provided with bracket sets 163, 164, 165 and 166 that carry, respectively, sets of flanged wheels 167, 168, 169 and 170. Units 163 to 165 with wheels'167 to 169 are downwardly directed with the brackets secured to the band wires 150, while each bracket and wheel unit 166 and 170 is upwardly directed and secured to the band wires 150. Angle iron rails or tracks 171 and 172 are secured to the cabinet walls 100 and 101 similar by fastenings such as 173, see Fig. 9, andthese tracks run substantially the full length of the cabinet '2. Reactionary rails and wheel guides 174 and 175 are secured to the top 99 of the cabinet.

With this construction the depending bracket and wheel units of rack 147 ride upon supporting rails 171 and 172 and the upwardly disposed brackets and wheel units coact with the ceiling or top tracks 174 and 175. The rack can be pulled out through thedoor of the cabinet until the rearmost wheels 17G strike angle stops 176 secured forwardly to the cabinet top. -In the outer stop position the rack will be suspended in cantilever fashion outwardly of the cabinet door opening 5 for access by an operator. If the rack is to be bodily removed, the front end can be raised to fulcrum the rack upon aligned wheels 169169 and to lower the aligned rear wheels 170-170 until they clear the angle stops 176 at which time the rack is free and can be pulled forwardly out of the cabinet. Replacement is equally simple by a mere reversal of the manipulation just defined. 3

Referring now to the construction of the lower rack 

